{"id":61364,"date":"2019-09-20T18:22:40","date_gmt":"2019-09-20T16:22:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thedigitalnewdeal.org\/?p=61364"},"modified":"2021-05-24T16:30:42","modified_gmt":"2021-05-24T14:30:42","slug":"big-tech-lheure-est-a-la-regulation-par-la-multitude","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thedigitalnewdeal.org\/en\/big-tech-lheure-est-a-la-regulation-par-la-multitude\/","title":{"rendered":"BIG TECH : L’HEURE EST A LA REGULATION PAR LA MULTITUDE"},"content":{"rendered":"

[vc_row unlock_row_content=”yes” row_height_percent=”0″ override_padding=”yes” h_padding=”0″ top_padding=”0″ bottom_padding=”2″ overlay_alpha=”50″ gutter_size=”0″ column_width_percent=”80″ shift_y=”0″ z_index=”0″][vc_column column_width_percent=”100″ gutter_size=”2″ overlay_alpha=”50″ shift_x=”0″ shift_y=”0″ shift_y_down=”0″ z_index=”0″ medium_width=”7″ mobile_width=”7″ width=”2\/3″][vc_empty_space empty_h=”2″][vc_custom_heading heading_semantic=”h1″ text_size=”bigtext” text_weight=”400″ subheading=”20\/09\/2019″]BIG TECH : L’HEURE EST A LA REGULATION PAR LA MULTITUDE[\/vc_custom_heading][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

\"Arno
Arno Pons \u2013 D\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Fondation Digital New Deal<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\"Olivier
Olivier Sichel – President Fondation Digital New Deal – DGA Caisse des D\u00e9p\u00f4ts<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Face a\u0300 la toute-puissance des GAFA, les individus et les entreprises doivent reprendre possession de leurs data et re\u0301investir leur capital digital vers des acteurs librement choisis. <\/span><\/h3>\n

[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space empty_h=”2″][vc_column_text]Nous sommes convaincus que nous devons changer le paradigme de la r\u00e9gulation. C’est le point de d\u00e9part de la r\u00e9flexion de S\u00e9bastien Soriano dans la note de la Digital New Deal Foundation Briser le monopole des Big Tech : r\u00e9guler pour lib\u00e9rer la multitude<\/em><\/a><\/span> que nous publions aujourd’hui : \u00ab on ne r\u00e9gulera pas une technologie d\u00e9centralis\u00e9e avec une pens\u00e9e centralisatrice<\/em>. \u00bb<\/p>\n

Face a\u0300 la concentration in\u00e9dite du pouvoir sur Internet dans les mains d’un petit nombre d’entreprises identifi\u00e9es, quelle est la nature du contre-pouvoir a\u0300 adopter ?<\/p>\n

Pour permettre l’\u00e9mergence d’acteurs locaux, porteurs des valeurs humanistes europ\u00e9ennes, et pour garantir une libert\u00e9\u0301 de choix aux internautes, quel type de r\u00e9gulation devons-nous privil\u00e9gier ? En tant que think tank, nous avons d\u00e9fendu et continuerons de d\u00e9fendre l’importance d’une r\u00e9gulation descendante et sectorielle ; la taxe sur les services num\u00e9riques a\u0300 l’\u00e9chelle nationale, a\u0300 laquelle nous avons contribu\u00e9e via notre publication Fiscalite\u0301 re\u0301elle pour un monde virtuel<\/em><\/span><\/a>, en est un bon exemple. Pour autant, nous pensons qu’une r\u00e9gulation plus cibl\u00e9e et ascendante – une autorit\u00e9\u0301 propose des r\u00e8gles cibl\u00e9es pour des acteurs en particulier afin de donner a\u0300 tous les moyens d’innover – est tout aussi fondamentale.<\/p>\n

L’heure est en effet a\u0300 la r\u00e9gulation par la multitude ; cela passe par la conscientisation des citoyens de leur pouvoir en tant qu’internautes. A\u0300 ce titre, le R\u00e8glement g\u00e9n\u00e9ral sur la protection des donn\u00e9es (RGPD) conf\u00e8re les moyens juridiques d’inverser le rapport de force entre les individus et les plateformes. Dans cette nouvelle note du think tank Digital New Deal, S\u00e9bastien Soriano formule quatre propositions de r\u00e9gulation qui visent a\u0300 rendre le pouvoir d’innover aux individus et aux entreprises.[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

\n

Selon S\u00e9bastien Soriano, \u00ab l’interop\u00e9rabilit\u00e9\u0301 est le meilleur moyen de faire face aux effets de r\u00e9seaux […] et pourrait \u00e9galement donner aux utilisateurs un r\u00e9el contr\u00f4le sur leurs donn\u00e9es<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]Fort de ce constat, Mehdi Medjaoui, expert en \u00e9conomie des API [pour \u00ab interfaces de programmation applicative \u00bb] et fondateur des conf\u00e9rences API Days, propose deux solutions pour limiter le pouvoir conf\u00e9r\u00e9 aux g\u00e9ants du num\u00e9rique par leurs API. D’une part, le concept de neutralit\u00e9 des API, qui \u00ab oblige les plateformes a\u0300 donner l\u2019acc\u00e8s a\u0300 leurs API de donn\u00e9es utilisateurs, sans discrimination \u00bb.<\/p>\n

D’autre part, le droit en tant qu’individu de se faire repr\u00e9senter par une API. S’agissant de cette derni\u00e8re solution, il est essentiel de traduire de mani\u00e8re technique et fonctionnelle l’article 20 du RGPD sur la portabilit\u00e9\u0301 afin que les citoyens puissent s’en saisir. Suivant cette perspective, les fameuses data d\u00e9tenues chez ces g\u00e9ants pourraient \u00eatre r\u00e9cup\u00e9r\u00e9es par l’internaute via son API personnelle ; il lui reviendrait alors de r\u00e9investir son capital digital pour data-financer d’autres acteurs. Nous pourrions par exemple d\u00e9cider de r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer notre historique d’achats chez Amazon via notre API personnelle, ou\u0300 ces donn\u00e9es seraient stock\u00e9es, et les r\u00e9troc\u00e9der a\u0300 un acteur comme Fnac.com. Autre exemple, les utilisateurs d’assistants personnels vocaux pourraient d\u00e9cider de r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer leurs jeux de donn\u00e9es afin de les transmettre au Voice Lab, une initiative franco-europe\u0301enne pour la recherche en langue fran\u00e7aise. C’est finalement ce que S\u00e9bastien Soriano nomme dans sa note le \u00ab moment Robin des Bois \u00bb, a\u0300 savoir prendre le pouvoir accapare\u0301 par les g\u00e9ants du num\u00e9rique et le redistribuer au plus grand nombre ![\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

Une concurrence plus saine<\/h3>\n

Judith Rochfeld, docteur en droit de l’Universit\u00e9 Paris 1 Panthe\u0301on – Sorbonne, r\u00e9pond quant a\u0300 elle a\u0300 l’appel de S\u00e9bastien Soriano de consid\u00e9rer les donn\u00e9es en tant que bien commun, et se penche sur les diff\u00e9rentes hypoth\u00e8ses relatives au partage de donn\u00e9es, en proposant deux mod\u00e8les distincts. D’une part, consid\u00e9rer les donn\u00e9es comme des infrastructures essentielles, et d’autre part, instituer un serveur neutre g\u00e9r\u00e9 par un tiers ind\u00e9pendant. S’agissant de la proposition du pr\u00e9sident de l’Arcep de prolonger le concept de neutralit\u00e9 du Net aux terminaux, Stefano Quintarelli, ancien membre de la Chambre italienne des d\u00e9put\u00e9s, s\u2019int\u00e9resse aux entraves caus\u00e9es par les \u00e9quipements sur l\u2019acc\u00e8s a\u0300 Internet ; a\u0300 titre d’exemple, il est impossible \u00ab d\u2019acqu\u00e9rir, d’installer et de supprimer des logiciels de nos appareils \u00bb.<\/p>\n

Enfin, Barry Lynn, directeur du think tank am\u00e9ricain Open Markets Institute et figure m\u00e9diatique de la lutte antitrust, voit dans les appels au d\u00e9mant\u00e8lement des plateformes un moyen rh\u00e9torique puissant pour attirer l’attention du public, bien plus qu’une v\u00e9ritable mesure a\u0300 appliquer. Il corrobore ainsi la notion de \u00ab d\u00e9mant\u00e8lement doux \u00bb que plaide S\u00e9bastien Soriano dans la note.<\/p>\n

*<\/p>\n

Cette publication apporte ainsi un regard nouveau sur le rapport entre gouvernements, individus et plateformes en permettant un renversement de la relation de souverainet\u00e9.\u00a0Elle permettra, nous l’esp\u00e9rons, d’inverser l’asym\u00e9trie qui existe entre les plateformes et les utilisateurs concernant le contr\u00f4le et la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 des donn\u00e9es, rendant finalement possible les conditions d’une concurrence plus saine pour nos entreprises, et une v\u00e9ritable libert\u00e9 de choix pour les internautes.[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space empty_h=”2″][\/vc_column][vc_column column_width_percent=”100″ gutter_size=”3″ back_color=”color-lxmt” overlay_alpha=”50″ shift_x=”0″ shift_y=”0″ shift_y_down=”0″ z_index=”0″ medium_width=”7″ mobile_width=”7″ width=”1\/3″][vc_empty_space empty_h=”3″][vc_custom_heading text_color=”accent”]<\/p>\n

\u00c9DITO<\/h2>\n

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Face a\u0300 la concentration in\u00e9dite du pouvoir sur Internet dans les mains d\u2019un petit nombre d\u2019entreprises identifi\u00e9es, quelle est la nature du contre-pouvoir a\u0300 adopter ?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":57342,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[86],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-61364","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"yoast_head":"\nBIG TECH : L'HEURE EST A LA REGULATION PAR LA MULTITUDE - Digital New Deal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Face a\u0300 la concentration in\u00e9dite du pouvoir sur Internet dans les mains d\u2019un petit nombre d\u2019entreprises identifi\u00e9es, quelle est la nature du contre-pouvoir 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