{"id":61670,"date":"2021-02-03T17:30:27","date_gmt":"2021-02-03T16:30:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thedigitalnewdeal.org\/?p=61670"},"modified":"2021-05-24T16:30:40","modified_gmt":"2021-05-24T14:30:40","slug":"monopole-de-lapple-store-la-grogne-monte","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thedigitalnewdeal.org\/en\/monopole-de-lapple-store-la-grogne-monte\/","title":{"rendered":"Monopole de l’Apple Store : la grogne monte"},"content":{"rendered":"

[vc_row unlock_row_content=”yes” row_height_percent=”0″ override_padding=”yes” h_padding=”0″ top_padding=”0″ bottom_padding=”2″ overlay_alpha=”50″ gutter_size=”0″ column_width_percent=”80″ shift_y=”0″ z_index=”0″][vc_column column_width_percent=”100″ gutter_size=”2″ overlay_alpha=”50″ shift_x=”0″ shift_y=”0″ shift_y_down=”0″ z_index=”0″ medium_width=”7″ mobile_width=”7″ width=”2\/3″][vc_empty_space empty_h=”2″][vc_custom_heading heading_semantic=”h1″ text_size=”bigtext” text_weight=”400″ subheading=”03\/02\/2021″]MONOPOLE D’APPLE : LA GROGNE MONTE[\/vc_custom_heading][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

Arno Pons, d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de Digital New Deal, et Nicolas Brien, directeur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de France Digitale<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

[OPINION] Unique distributeur d’applications sur ses terminaux, Apple abuse de sa mainmise sur le march\u00e9 mobile iOS. Les victimes ? Les \u00e9diteurs d’applications, contraints de se plier aux exigences de la plateforme, et les consommateurs, dont la libert\u00e9 de choix semble en p\u00e2tir.
\n<\/span><\/h4>\n

La situation sanitaire nous fait vivre une p\u00e9riode in\u00e9dite. Le gouvernement, en r\u00e9action \u00e0 la contagion du virus, a d\u00fb restreindre la “libert\u00e9 de commercer”. Face \u00e0 cette situation sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent, de nombreuses voix se sont \u00e9lev\u00e9es pour manifester leur incompr\u00e9hension, voire leur d\u00e9sarroi ; il est vrai que ce choix politico-sanitaire n’\u00e9tait pas anodin. Imaginez maintenant que ce soit, non pas un gouvernement au nom de l’int\u00e9r\u00eat g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, mais un op\u00e9rateur priv\u00e9, de surcro\u00eet \u00e9tranger, qui obstrue de la m\u00eame fa\u00e7on “la libert\u00e9 de commercer”, sans autre justification valable cette fois-ci que ses int\u00e9r\u00eats \u00e9conomiques. Une telle situation ne devrait-elle pas susciter un vent de r\u00e9volte?<\/p>\n

Cette situation, nous la vivons depuis douze ans et la cr\u00e9ation par Apple de son magasin d’applications “App Store”. En octobre dernier, apr\u00e8s seize mois d’enqu\u00eates et un rapport de plus de 400 pages, le sous-comit\u00e9 antitrust de la Chambre des repr\u00e9sentants am\u00e9ricaine a pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment d\u00e9crit le monopole d’Apple sur le march\u00e9 des applications iOS. Selon les parlementaires am\u00e9ricains, la firme emp\u00eache notamment l’\u00e9mergence d’une quelconque concurrence gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la double ma\u00eetrise de son syst\u00e8me d’exploitation iOS et de son magasin App Store.[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

Un droit de vie ou de mort sur les applications propos\u00e9es par les d\u00e9veloppeurs<\/h3>\n

La crise sanitaire est sans aucun doute un r\u00e9v\u00e9lateur de la domination de certaines entreprises sur des pans entiers de l’\u00e9conomie fran\u00e7aise. Nos repr\u00e9sentants politiques se sont par exemple \u00e9mus de la mainmise de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de commerce en ligne am\u00e9ricaine Amazon sur notre e-commerce, elle qui dispose aujourd’hui de 20% part de march\u00e9 en France. Part qui semble bien faible si on la compare \u00e0 notre totale d\u00e9pendance aux syst\u00e8mes d’exploitation \u00e9trangers, domin\u00e9s par le duopole Andro\u00efd (Google) et iOS (Apple). Avec une particularit\u00e9 pour Apple en tant qu’exclusif distributeur d’applications pour ses terminaux mobiles iPhone, iPad et iWatch. Pour esp\u00e9rer voir son application distribu\u00e9e sur l’App Store, un d\u00e9veloppeur n’a d’autre alternative que se soumettre \u00e0 l’ensemble des r\u00e8gles \u00e9dict\u00e9es par la g\u00e9ant californien.<\/p>\n

Parmi toutes ces r\u00e8gles impos\u00e9es, certaines posent probl\u00e8me tant Apple est \u00e0 la fois juge et partie ; entre autres, c’est elle qui d\u00e9cide si une application propos\u00e9e par un d\u00e9veloppeur est conforme au droit de la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 intellectuelle, autrement dit elle se r\u00e9serve le droit de l’accepter ou non au titre de son bon vouloir. Jugement \u00e0 fluctuation variable donc, notamment lorsqu’on s’aper\u00e7oit qu’Apple est parfois ma\u00eetre dans l’art de \u00ab sherlocker \u00bb des applications distribu\u00e9es sur son magasin d’applications, c’est-\u00e0-dire de s’inspirer g\u00e9n\u00e9reusement de certaines fonctionnalit\u00e9s pour d\u00e9velopper ses propres services.[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

Les \u00e9diteurs, otages d’une politique de prix qu’ils ne peuvent refuser<\/h3>\n

Une chose est s\u00fbre, Steve Jobs \u00e9tait un entrepreneur g\u00e9nial. Son business model qui a accompagn\u00e9 la cr\u00e9ation du premier magasin d’applications en 2008 reposait sur une double rentabilit\u00e9 machiav\u00e9lique. Il permettait, d’une part, d’externaliser la R&D en d\u00e9l\u00e9guant les co\u00fbts de d\u00e9veloppement des applications \u00e0 des tiers, les d\u00e9veloppeurs ind\u00e9pendants, et d’autre part, d’internaliser les revenus en imposant une commission \u00e0 ces m\u00eames d\u00e9veloppeurs qui souhaitaient proposer leur application sur l’App Store.<\/p>\n

Ce faisant, la m\u00e9canique de la r\u00e8gle \u00e9dict\u00e9e par le constructeur sur les achats int\u00e9gr\u00e9s, et notamment la fameuse commission de 30% pr\u00e9lev\u00e9e sur le prix des applications et \u00e9galement sur les services par abonnement, constituait d\u00e8s sa conception une distorsion de concurrence. L’admiration a alors laiss\u00e9 petit \u00e0 petit place \u00e0 la grogne. Ce principe est de moins en moins tol\u00e9r\u00e9 par la communaut\u00e9 des d\u00e9veloppeurs. Et n’oublions pas que derri\u00e8re les mots “d\u00e9veloppeurs” et “applications” se trouvent bien souvent des entrepreneurs \u00e0 la t\u00eate de petites entreprises, TPE, PME. Pour elles, le d\u00e9ploiement de leur activit\u00e9 commerciale sur mobile via une application n’est pas une option, mais constitue bien une n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9pondre aux usages de ses clients et prospects.[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

La col\u00e8re monte<\/h3>\n

En France comme \u00e0 l’\u00e9tranger, Apple est d\u00e9sormais le symbole de nombreuses controverses. \u00c0 commencer bien s\u00fbr par le volet de l’\u00e9vasion fiscale qui, malgr\u00e9 de lourdes condamnations, ne semble pas pour autant faire infl\u00e9chir l’entreprise qui a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de r\u00e9percuter la taxe GAFA sur ses prestataires en leur interdisant de le r\u00e9percuter sur les consommateurs.<\/p>\n

Rappelons \u00e9galement qu’en juin dernier, soup\u00e7onnant des pratiques anticoncurrentielles, la Commission europ\u00e9enne a ouvert deux enqu\u00eates sur son syst\u00e8me de paiement Apple Pay et sa boutique en ligne App Store. De m\u00eame, en octobre dernier une plainte pour abus de position dominante a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9pos\u00e9e par l’IAB France, MMAF, SRI, et l’UDECAM contre la volont\u00e9 d’Apple de supprimer les identifiants ne permettant plus aux annonceurs de r\u00e9aliser des publicit\u00e9s cibl\u00e9es et r\u00e9cup\u00e9rant de facto le monopole publicitaire sur ses smartphones.<\/p>\n

En septembre, c’\u00e9tait Epic Games, Spotify ou encore Deezer qui rejoignaient une coalition appel\u00e9e “for App Fairness” pour d\u00e9noncer collectivement les pratiques d\u00e9loyales d’Apple.<\/p>\n

Enfin, en novembre c’est le d\u00e9put\u00e9 fran\u00e7ais Pierre-Alain Raphan qui d\u00e9posait une proposition de loi pour l’ouverture du NFC des iPhone afin d’\u00e9viter une captation les donn\u00e9es d’achat de tous les Fran\u00e7ais et de tous les commer\u00e7ants du pays \u00e0 leur seul profit.<\/p>\n

*<\/p>\n

Les plaintes pleuvent donc, les enqu\u00eates aussi : va-t-on accepter plus longtemps qu’Apple verrouille le march\u00e9 et s’autor\u00e9gule ? Profitons du tr\u00e8s attendu Digital Market Act pour prendre notre destin en main. Nous lan\u00e7ons ici, collectivement, une alerte aux r\u00e9gulateurs : il est grand temps que ces g\u00e9ants technologiques cessent de s’extraire du droit commun et se permettent impun\u00e9ment d’entraver notre capacit\u00e9 d’entreprendre.<\/p>\n

Source : https:\/\/www.latribune.fr\/opinions\/tribunes\/liberte-de-commercer-apple-pire-que-la-covid-876202.html[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space empty_h=”2″][\/vc_column][vc_column column_width_percent=”100″ gutter_size=”3″ back_color=”color-lxmt” overlay_alpha=”50″ shift_x=”0″ shift_y=”0″ shift_y_down=”0″ z_index=”0″ medium_width=”7″ mobile_width=”7″ width=”1\/3″][vc_empty_space empty_h=”3″][vc_custom_heading text_color=”accent”]<\/p>\n

\u00c9DITO<\/h2>\n

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Unique distributeur d\u2019applications sur ses terminaux, Apple abuse de sa mainmise sur le march\u00e9 mobile iOS. Les victimes ? 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