{"id":61923,"date":"2021-06-30T17:18:44","date_gmt":"2021-06-30T15:18:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thedigitalnewdeal.org\/?p=61923"},"modified":"2021-06-30T17:18:44","modified_gmt":"2021-06-30T15:18:44","slug":"plateformes-numeriques-encore-un-effort-pour-etre-responsables","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thedigitalnewdeal.org\/en\/plateformes-numeriques-encore-un-effort-pour-etre-responsables\/","title":{"rendered":"Plateformes num\u00e9riques : encore un effort pour \u00eatre responsables !"},"content":{"rendered":"

[vc_row unlock_row_content=”yes” row_height_percent=”0″ override_padding=”yes” h_padding=”0″ top_padding=”0″ bottom_padding=”2″ overlay_alpha=”50″ gutter_size=”0″ column_width_percent=”80″ shift_y=”0″ z_index=”0″][vc_column column_width_percent=”100″ gutter_size=”2″ overlay_alpha=”50″ shift_x=”0″ shift_y=”0″ shift_y_down=”0″ z_index=”0″ medium_width=”7″ mobile_width=”7″ width=”2\/3″][vc_empty_space empty_h=”2″][vc_custom_heading heading_semantic=”h1″ text_size=”bigtext” text_weight=”400″ subheading=”25\/06\/2020″]Plateformes num\u00e9riques : encore un effort pour \u00eatre responsables ![\/vc_custom_heading][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

\"Gilles
Gilles Le Chatelier – avocat<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\"Denis
\u00a0Denis Olivennes (dirigeant de presse)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Le pr\u00e9sident Trump chass\u00e9 du r\u00e9seau. La petite Mila pourchass\u00e9e sur la toile. \u00ab La naissance du monde \u00bb, c\u00e9l\u00e8bre toile de Courbet, interdite ! Chaque jour son lot de nouvelles \u00e9tonnantes ou r\u00e9voltantes qui montrent qu\u2019il y a \u00ab quelque chose de pourri au royaume \u00bb des plateformes. A l\u2019abri de l\u2019anonymat tout para\u00eet permis. Les lois proscrivant les contenus inacceptables sont bafou\u00e9es. Les plateformes font la police selon leurs propres r\u00e8gles qui peuvent menacer la libert\u00e9.<\/span><\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n

R\u00e9glementer n\u2019est pas facile. Accueillant des milliards d\u2019utilisateurs, les plateformes sont devenues en quelque sorte des \u00ab facilit\u00e9s essentielles \u00bb de la d\u00e9mocratie en m\u00eame temps qu\u2019une menace s\u00e9rieuse pour elle. Il faut donc \u00e0 la fois prot\u00e9ger la libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression qui est sacr\u00e9e et emp\u00eacher la libre circulation des contenus nuisibles. C\u2019est possible et c\u2019est, d\u00e9sormais, urgent.<\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]C\u2019est l\u2019objet de la note que nous publions aujourd\u2019hui pour le think-tank Digital New Deal.<\/p>\n

Les initiatives prises jusqu\u2019\u00e0 ce jour ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9cevantes : en t\u00e9moignent les d\u00e9boires de la Loi Avia. Surtout, une r\u00e9ponse nationale est insuffisante. L\u2019\u00e9chelle europ\u00e9enne est indispensable. Or son cadre actuel (directive du 8 juin 2000) est compl\u00e8tement d\u00e9pass\u00e9. Reposant sur le double principe de l\u2019irresponsabilit\u00e9 des h\u00e9bergeurs et de l\u2019absence d\u2019obligation g\u00e9n\u00e9rale de surveillance, elle emp\u00eache toute r\u00e9gulation efficace des plateformes.<\/p>\n

La Commission europ\u00e9enne a d\u00e9pos\u00e9 un projet de r\u00e8glement en d\u00e9cembre 2020 : le \u00ab Digital Service Act \u00bb. Il contient des \u00e9l\u00e9ments positifs : les tr\u00e8s grandes plateformes seraient soumises \u00e0 des obligations renforc\u00e9es ; les m\u00e9canismes d\u2019injonction \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard des h\u00e9bergeurs plus efficaces ; des dispositifs de contr\u00f4le des d\u00e9cisions de retrait de contenus ou d\u2019acc\u00e8s mis en place ; des audits syst\u00e9miques des tr\u00e8s grandes plateformes, notamment sur l\u2019utilisation des algorithmes, engag\u00e9s\u2026 Cette initiative doit d\u2019autant plus \u00eatre soutenue que l\u2019accord de l\u2019ensemble des Etats-membres requis pour qu\u2019elle soit adopt\u00e9e est loin d\u2019\u00eatre acquis.<\/p>\n

Mais elle ne suffit pas. Il faut \u00e0 la fois plus de responsabilit\u00e9 des plateformes et plus de garantie pour les libert\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

La responsabilit\u00e9 des h\u00e9bergeurs n\u2019est engag\u00e9e que s\u2019ils n\u2019ont pas r\u00e9agi \u00ab promptement \u00bb alors qu\u2019un contenu illicite a \u00e9t\u00e9 diffus\u00e9. Nous pensons qu\u2019il faut pr\u00e9ciser ce \u00ab promptement \u00bb et imposer des d\u00e9lais tr\u00e8s courts pour certaines infractions limitativement \u00e9num\u00e9r\u00e9es et pour les tr\u00e8s grandes plateformes, de m\u00eame que lorsque \u00ab l\u2019\u00e9metteur \u00bb dispose d\u2019une tr\u00e8s forte audience.<\/p>\n

Les h\u00e9bergeurs ont les moyens de contr\u00f4ler effectivement les contenus, via les algorithmes et les \u00e9quipes de mod\u00e9ration. Nous estimons qu\u2019un certain degr\u00e9 d\u2019obligation de surveillance doit \u00eatre retenu : les plateformes doivent avoir l\u2019obligation de surveiller les \u00ab r\u00e9cidivistes \u00bb d\u2019infractions ou les comptes \u00e0 tr\u00e8s forte audience.<\/p>\n

Il nous appara\u00eet qu\u2019un principe protecteur des libert\u00e9s doit s\u2019imposer : seuls les contenus contraires \u00e0 la loi nationale ou europ\u00e9enne doivent motiver des d\u00e9cisions de retrait, lesquelles ne peuvent \u00eatre fond\u00e9es sur la m\u00e9connaissance des conditions g\u00e9n\u00e9rales de l\u2019h\u00e9bergeur et de ses politiques internes. Ce n\u2019est pas l\u2019id\u00e9e que se font, par exemple, Face Book ou Twitter de la d\u00e9cence, de l\u2019offense ou du blasph\u00e8me qui doivent s\u2019imposer mais les infractions d\u00e9termin\u00e9es par la loi et elles seulement. Corolaire : les d\u00e9cisions de retrait doivent \u00eatre encadr\u00e9es et soumises \u00e0 des obligations de contr\u00f4le juridictionnel rapides et efficaces. Il doit en \u00eatre de m\u00eame du contr\u00f4le des mesures par lesquelles les h\u00e9bergeurs sans supprimer un contenu, aboutissent \u00e0 le rendre invisible du plus grand nombre. Enfin, certains \u00e9diteurs de contenus \u2013 m\u00e9dias, associations, partis \u2026 – doivent b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier d\u2019une protection sp\u00e9cifique contre des mesures de retrait qui pourraient avoir un effet grave sur le fonctionnement de la d\u00e9mocratie.<\/p>\n

En dernier lieu, la question de l\u2019anonymat est la grande absente de la proposition de la Commission. Elle conditionne pourtant l\u2019effectivit\u00e9 de la sanction. Nous pensons que la r\u00e8gle de l\u2019anonymat doit demeurer vis-\u00e0-vis des tiers, pour prot\u00e9ger notamment les lanceurs d\u2019alerte. Mais en revanche, le b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaire d\u2019un service doit faire la preuve de son identit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019h\u00e9bergeur lors de l\u2019ouverture du service afin qu\u2019il puisse \u00eatre retrouv\u00e9 par le juge.<\/p>\n

Une obligation de surveillance limit\u00e9e mais effective. Une obligation de r\u00e9action rapide dans certaines circonstances. La censure seulement pour des contenus illicites et sous le contr\u00f4le du juge. L\u2019obligation de s\u2019identifier aupr\u00e8s de la plateforme. Voil\u00e0 les conditions selon nous d\u2019une r\u00e9gulation effective mais raisonnable qui permette de mettre les plateformes \u00e0 l\u2019heure de l\u2019Etat de Droit. Un beau projet pour la France qui pr\u00e9sidera l\u2019Union dans quelques mois.
\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space empty_h=”2″][\/vc_column][vc_column column_width_percent=”100″ gutter_size=”3″ back_color=”color-lxmt” overlay_alpha=”50″ shift_x=”0″ shift_y=”0″ shift_y_down=”0″ z_index=”0″ medium_width=”7″ mobile_width=”7″ width=”1\/3″][vc_empty_space empty_h=”3″][vc_custom_heading text_color=”accent”]<\/p>\n

\u00c9DITO<\/h2>\n

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Le pr\u00e9sident Trump chass\u00e9 du r\u00e9seau. La petite Mila pourchass\u00e9e sur la toile. \u00ab La naissance du monde \u00bb, c\u00e9l\u00e8bre toile de Courbet, interdite ! Chaque jour son lot de nouvelles \u00e9tonnantes ou r\u00e9voltantes qui montrent qu\u2019il y a \u00ab quelque chose de pourri au royaume \u00bb des plateformes.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":57342,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[86],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-61923","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"yoast_head":"\nPlateformes num\u00e9riques : encore un effort pour \u00eatre responsables ! - Digital New Deal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le pr\u00e9sident Trump chass\u00e9 du r\u00e9seau. La petite Mila pourchass\u00e9e sur la toile. \u00ab La naissance du monde \u00bb, c\u00e9l\u00e8bre toile de Courbet, interdite ! Chaque jour son lot de nouvelles \u00e9tonnantes ou r\u00e9voltantes qui montrent qu\u2019il y a \u00ab quelque chose de pourri au royaume \u00bb des plateformes.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thedigitalnewdeal.org\/en\/plateformes-numeriques-encore-un-effort-pour-etre-responsables\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Num\u00e9rique \u00e9ducatif : et apr\u00e8s ?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"La crise du Covid-19 a mis la r\u00e9silience du syst\u00e8me \u00e9ducatif scolaire \u00e0 rude \u00e9preuve, notamment pendant la p\u00e9riode de confinement. En effet, l\u2019imp\u00e9ratif de continuit\u00e9 p\u00e9dagogique du confinement a conduit \u00e0 une exp\u00e9rience \u201cgrandeur nature\u201d du num\u00e9rique \u00e9ducatif dans le milieu scolaire.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.thedigitalnewdeal.org\/en\/plateformes-numeriques-encore-un-effort-pour-etre-responsables\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Digital New Deal\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-06-30T15:18:44+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.thedigitalnewdeal.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/the_digital_new_deal-org-EDITO-facebook.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"630\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Emz_Adm\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"Num\u00e9rique \u00e9ducatif : et apr\u00e8s ?\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:description\" content=\"La crise du Covid-19 a mis la r\u00e9silience du syst\u00e8me \u00e9ducatif scolaire \u00e0 rude \u00e9preuve, notamment pendant la p\u00e9riode de confinement. 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