{"id":62462,"date":"2023-07-13T10:49:37","date_gmt":"2023-07-13T08:49:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thedigitalnewdeal.org\/?p=62462"},"modified":"2023-07-21T15:30:20","modified_gmt":"2023-07-21T13:30:20","slug":"le-numerique-au-service-dun-futur-durable-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thedigitalnewdeal.org\/en\/le-numerique-au-service-dun-futur-durable-2\/","title":{"rendered":"LE NUM\u00c9RIQUE AU SERVICE D\u2019UN FUTUR DURABLE"},"content":{"rendered":"

[vc_row unlock_row_content=”yes” row_height_percent=”0″ override_padding=”yes” h_padding=”0″ top_padding=”0″ bottom_padding=”2″ overlay_alpha=”50″ gutter_size=”0″ column_width_percent=”80″ shift_y=”0″ z_index=”0″][vc_column column_width_percent=”100″ gutter_size=”2″ overlay_alpha=”50″ shift_x=”0″ shift_y=”0″ shift_y_down=”0″ z_index=”0″ medium_width=”7″ mobile_width=”7″ width=”2\/3″][vc_empty_space empty_h=”2″][vc_custom_heading heading_semantic=”h1″ text_size=”bigtext” text_weight=”400″ text_transform=”uppercase” subheading=”10\/10\/2022″]Le num\u00e9rique au service d’un futur durable[\/vc_custom_heading][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

\"Arno
Arno Pons \u2013 D\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Fondation Digital New Deal<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u00ab\u00a0La \u201cmaison br\u00fble\u201d, ne laissons pas le thermom\u00e8tre entre quelques mains…\u00a0\u00bb Afin d\u2019atteindre les Objectifs de D\u00e9veloppement Durable, le think-tank Digital New Deal publie un nouveau rapport proposant que les donn\u00e9es ESG, privatis\u00e9es par 6 grandes compagnies am\u00e9ricaines de notations, soient accessibles \u00e0 tous via un commun num\u00e9rique.[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

Histoire parall\u00e8le, d\u00e9veloppement durable et num\u00e9rique
\nLa Californie des ann\u00e9es 1960 fut le berceau de deux mouvements innovateurs destin\u00e9s \u00e0 changer le monde : le num\u00e9rique et le d\u00e9veloppement durable. Ils ont jusqu’ici v\u00e9cu des parcours parall\u00e8les, pourtant parfois men\u00e9s par les m\u00eames personnes au m\u00eame endroit.<\/span><\/p>\n

En 1967, un homme, Stewart Brand, incarne \u00e0 lui seul cet incroyable chass\u00e9-crois\u00e9 entre les r\u00e9volutions \u00e9cologique et num\u00e9rique. L’\u00e9diteur du cultissime Whole Earth Catalog (v\u00e9ritable bible id\u00e9aliste des communaut\u00e9s geek et hippie) se mobilise pour faire circuler une question autour de lui : pourquoi n’avons-nous toujours pas vu une photo compl\u00e8te de la Terre vue de l’espace ? Quand la NASA r\u00e9pond \u00e0 sa demande, la diffusion du clich\u00e9 d\u00e9clenche une prise de conscience imm\u00e9diate, proche de \u00ab l’overview effect \u00bb ressenti par les astronautes. Cette photo vint bouleverser la perception commune de la surface terrestre, de sa fragilit\u00e9, et marqua le d\u00e9but d’une conscience \u00e9cologique mondiale. Quelques mois plus tard, le m\u00eame Stewart Brand filme “The Mother of All Demos”. Cette d\u00e9monstration \u00e9v\u00e9nement fit d\u00e9couvrir au public : la souris, l’hypertexte, la visio-conf\u00e9rence, le courrier \u00e9lectronique et l’environnement de bureau. Cette vid\u00e9o marqua le d\u00e9but de l’informatique civil comme nouvelle aventure \u00e9conomique mondiale.<\/p>\n

En 1990, un autre chass\u00e9-crois\u00e9 nous accable collectivement sur notre inaction. Cette ann\u00e9e tout \u00e9tait l\u00e0 sous nos yeux : le premier rapport du GIEC qui d\u00e9crit pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment les enjeux, l’arriv\u00e9e d’Internet qui ouvre l’\u00e8re du big data, et la publication de “Governing the Commons” par Elinor Ostrom qui donne les moyens politiques de se saisir de cette double transition.<\/p>\n

Le r\u00f4le des donn\u00e9es num\u00e9riques, extra-financi\u00e8res en particulier.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pour r\u00e9pondre aux grands d\u00e9fis et enfin entamer une convergence des deux mouvements num\u00e9rique et \u00e9cologique, cela passe notamment par le potentiel du \u00ab Big et Open Data \u00bb comme pourvoyeur d’une finance responsable. Car pour financer la transition \u00e9cologique de notre \u00e9conomie carbon\u00e9e, il faut beaucoup d’argent, et beaucoup de data… Il faut par exemple 4 000 milliards par an dans les \u00e9nergies renouvelables (EnR) pour atteindre la neutralit\u00e9 carbone, d’o\u00f9 l’importance pour l’UE de s’appuyer sur les flux priv\u00e9s pour r\u00e9ussir ce plan de financement. Les donn\u00e9es ESG (Environmental, Social & Governance) sont clefs \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 elles l’information RSE devient \u00ab investissable \u00bb. Toutefois, contrairement au march\u00e9 de l’information financi\u00e8re, cette information n’est ni standardis\u00e9e, ni \u00ab certifiable \u00bb ni m\u00eame \u00ab v\u00e9rifiable \u00bb. Chaque utilisateur reste libre de la transformer est de l’interpr\u00e9ter selon sa sensibilit\u00e9 et ses priorit\u00e9s. C’est une aubaine pour les sp\u00e9cialistes de la diffusion d’informations financi\u00e8res qui produisent d\u00e9j\u00e0 un ensemble d’\u00e9l\u00e9ments informationnels : notations, scores, analyses, indices etc.<\/p>\n

Asym\u00e9trie \u00e9conomique, dystopie \u00e9cologique
\nAu sortir de la crise de 2008, on assiste alors \u00e0 l’\u00e9mergence d’un nouveau secteur concurrentiel autour de l’ESG. Celui-ci ne tarde pas \u00e0 se consolider pour aboutir \u00e0 la formation d’un oligopole compos\u00e9 de 6 groupes ayant absorb\u00e9 la totalit\u00e9 des acteurs sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s. Cela soul\u00e8ve la question de la souverainet\u00e9 car la captation de ces informations par un groupe d’acteurs priv\u00e9s, au d\u00e9triment du reste des parties prenantes cr\u00e9e une asym\u00e9trie \u00e9conomique qui peut engendrer une dystopie \u00e9cologique. Il y a en effet une incompatibilit\u00e9 entre d’un c\u00f4t\u00e9 la poursuite de l’int\u00e9r\u00eat g\u00e9n\u00e9ral et de l’autre les int\u00e9r\u00eats \u00e9conomiques de cette poign\u00e9e de grandes agences de notation (on peut parler ici de Big Rating qui trustent et d\u00e9naturent le march\u00e9 du traitement des donn\u00e9es extra financi\u00e8res au m\u00eame titre que les Big Tech le font sur les donn\u00e9es personnelles et maintenant non personnelles via leurs offres de Cloud). On peut ainsi se demander en quoi ce march\u00e9 de la donn\u00e9e ESG, qui repose sur l’asym\u00e9trie d’informations entre les fournisseurs est-il align\u00e9 avec la feuille de route globale (ODD) qui impose que tous les acteurs \u00ab tirent dans le m\u00eame sens \u00bb ?<\/span><\/p>\n

L’\u00e9tat des lieux r\u00e9alis\u00e9 montre une inad\u00e9quation entre la structure de march\u00e9 et des besoins exprim\u00e9s par les diff\u00e9rents acteurs pr\u00e9sents dans l’ar\u00e8ne ESG. Le diagnostic pos\u00e9, celui d’une enclosure sur les donn\u00e9es ESG, s’interpr\u00e8te comme un probl\u00e8me de gouvernance des communs.<\/p>\n

Commun num\u00e9rique, possible r\u00e9ponse aux crises<\/span><\/p>\n

Un exemple inspirant est celui de la cr\u00e9ation d’un commun num\u00e9rique suite \u00e0 l’impuissance des r\u00e9gulateurs \u00e0 travers le monde qui avient reconnu leur incapacit\u00e9 \u00e0 identifier les parties prenantes aux transactions lors de la crise financi\u00e8re de 2008. S’en suivra une initiative exceptionnelle du G20 visant \u00e0 cr\u00e9er un identifiant unique global pour les entit\u00e9s juridiques impliqu\u00e9es dans une transaction financi\u00e8re (Legal Entity Identifier – LEI). Jusqu’alors, les identifiants des entreprises \u00e9taient g\u00e9r\u00e9s de deux mani\u00e8res, un identifiant d\u00e9livr\u00e9 par l’organisme national et un autre d\u00e9livr\u00e9 par de multiples op\u00e9rateurs priv\u00e9s \u00e0 vocation globale (Bloomberg, Reuters Identification Code,….). La fragmentation entre les identifiants priv\u00e9s, et leur impossible interconnexions (pour questions commerciales \u00e9videntes) s’est r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 fatale. En laissant les acteurs cr\u00e9er leur propre cl\u00e9 de lecture du monde pour des besoins commerciaux, les institutions mondiales ont pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 favoriser la concurrence et l’innovation, tout en oubliant l’objectif de stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re global.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Faire des donn\u00e9es ESG un commun num\u00e9rique pour atteindre les ODD
\nCe succ\u00e8s du LEI, qui valide la pertinence du mod\u00e8le de \u00ab commun num\u00e9rique \u00bb, m\u00e9rite qu’on s’en inspire pour imaginer une solution du m\u00eame type appliqu\u00e9e aux donn\u00e9es ESG. C’est ce que propose les auteurs V\u00e9ronique Blum et Maxime Mathon, en imaginant confier la gestion op\u00e9rationnelle des donn\u00e9es ESG \u00e0 l’ONU via son Organisation Mondiale de la Propri\u00e9t\u00e9 Intellectuelle (OMPI \/ WIPO). Cette base de donn\u00e9es \u00ab f\u00e9d\u00e9r\u00e9e \u00bb permettrait alors aux parties prenantes d’acc\u00e8der gratuitement \u00e0 des donn\u00e9es ESG brutes audit\u00e9es sur un p\u00e9rim\u00e8tre global. En construisant ce syst\u00e8me de commun num\u00e9rique, il deviendrait possible de sortir ces informations du march\u00e9 de l’asym\u00e9trie et de lib\u00e9rer leur usage, en ligne avec leur vocation initiale qui est de permettre aux entreprises de rendre compte de leurs efforts en termes de RSE.<\/span><\/p>\n

Cette proposition est une approche iconoclaste des \u00ab Communs \u00bb qui sont trop souvent antonymes aux logiques financi\u00e8res. Nous pr\u00e9f\u00e9rons dans nos travaux aborder une approche pragmatique et non dogmatique des communs, en leur donnant un r\u00f4le central dans la construction d’un nouveau capitalisme plus ouvert et plus responsable. Selon nous, les communs num\u00e9riques sont une condition sine qua non de comp\u00e9titivit\u00e9, seule la coop\u00e9ration peut nous permettre de nous hisser au niveau des monopoles technologiques.<\/p>\n

Cette proposition s’inscrit pleinement dans l’ambition port\u00e9e par Emmanuel Macron lors du \u00ab Sommet pour un nouveau pacte financier global \u00bb. Gageons que la communaut\u00e9 internationale s’en saisisse, et que la France prenne l’avant-poste de ce Green-Digital New Deal.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

Arno Pons<\/strong>, think-tank Digital New Deal, Article complet publi\u00e9 sur le site de La Tribune le 13 juillet 2023\u00a0:<\/p>\n

Article disponible sur le site de l\u2019Opinion : https:\/\/www.latribune.fr\/opinions\/tribunes\/le-numerique-au-service-d-un-futur-durable-969469.html<\/a>[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space empty_h=”2″][\/vc_column][vc_column column_width_percent=”100″ gutter_size=”3″ back_color=”color-lxmt” overlay_alpha=”50″ shift_x=”0″ shift_y=”0″ shift_y_down=”0″ z_index=”0″ medium_width=”7″ mobile_width=”7″ width=”1\/3″][vc_empty_space empty_h=”3″][vc_custom_heading text_color=”accent”]<\/p>\n

\u00c9DITO<\/h2>\n

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\u00ab La \u201cmaison br\u00fble\u201d, ne laissons pas le thermom\u00e8tre entre quelques mains\u2026 \u00bb Afin d\u2019atteindre les Objectifs de D\u00e9veloppement Durable, le think-tank Digital New Deal publie un nouveau rapport proposant que les donn\u00e9es ESG, privatis\u00e9es par 6 grandes compagnies am\u00e9ricaines de notations, soient accessibles \u00e0 tous via un commun num\u00e9rique.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":57342,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[86],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-62462","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"yoast_head":"\nLE NUM\u00c9RIQUE AU SERVICE D\u2019UN FUTUR DURABLE - Digital New Deal<\/title>\n<meta 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